Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) refers to the sudden and brief flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. ESD can occur when a high electrostatic charge builds up on a surface (due to friction, for example) and then discharges when it comes into contact with another object. In electronics, ESD can be harmful because the sudden discharge of static electricity can damage sensitive components like integrated circuits (ICs), transistors, or even entire systems.
