An RS-485 IC is an integrated circuit designed to enable communication over an RS-485 bus, a standard for differential serial communication used in industrial, embedded, and long-distance multi-device networks.
RS-485 (also known as TIA/EIA-485) is a balanced, differential, multi-drop serial communication standard that allows for:
Long-distance communication (up to 1.2 km / 4000 feet)
High speed (up to 10 Mbps over short distances)
Up to 32 devices on one bus (or more with repeaters)
Noise immunity via differential signaling (A/B lines)